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Tajuk: What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Iklan: What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to copy a file from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on a client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server. FTP users may authenticate themselves using a clear-text sign-in protocol but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it.
The first FTP client applications were interactive command-line tools, implementing standard commands and syntax. Graphical user interface clients have since been developed for many of the popular desktop operating systems in use today
History
The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan and published as RFC 114 on 16 April 1971, before TCP and IP even existed.It was and later replaced by RFC 765 (June 1980) and RFC 959 (October 1985), the current specification.Several proposed standards amend RFC 959, for example RFC 2228 (June 1997) proposes security extensions and RFC 2428 (September 1998) adds support for IPv6 and defines a new type of passive mode.
Login
FTP login utilizes a normal username/password scheme for granting access.The username is sent to the server using the USER command, and the password is sent using the PASS command. If the information provided by the client is accepted by the server, the server will send a greeting to the client and the session will be open. If the server supports it, users may log in without providing login credentials. The server will also limit access for that session based on what the user is authorized.
Anonymous FTP
A host that provides an FTP service may additionally provide anonymous FTP access. Users typically log into the service with an 'anonymous' account when prompted for user name. Although users are commonly asked to send their email address in lieu of a password,no verification is actually performed on the supplied data;Many FTP hosts whose purpose is to provide software updates will provide anonymous logins. Examples of anonymous FTP servers can be found here.
[edit] Remote FTP or FTPmail
Where FTP access is restricted, a remote FTP (or FTPmail) service can be used to circumvent the problem. An e-mail containing the FTP commands to be performed is sent to a remote FTP server, which is a mail server that parses the incoming e-mail, executes the FTP commands, and sends back an e-mail with any downloaded files as an attachment. Obviously this is less flexible than an FTP client, as it is not possible to view directories interactively or to modify commands, and there can also be problems with large file attachments in the response not getting through mail servers. The service was used when some users' only internet access was via email through gateways such as a BBS or online service. As most internet users these days have ready access to FTP, this procedure is no longer in everyday use.
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